China ke naha e nang le mefuta e mengata ea bamboo le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba taolo ea bamboo. Ka melemo ea eona e ruileng ea lisebelisoa tsa bamboo le theknoloji ea ho etsa pampiri ea bamboo e ntseng e hola, indasteri ea ho etsa pampiri ea bamboo e ntse e eketseha, 'me lebelo la phetoho le ntlafatso le ntse le eketseha. Ka 2021, tlhahiso ea naha ea heso ea bamboo pulp e ne e le lithane tse limilione tse 2.42, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 10.5%; ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse 23 tsa tlhahiso ea makhasi a bamboo ka holimo ho boholo bo behiloeng, tse nang le basebetsi ba 76,000 le boleng ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 13.2; ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse 92 tsa pampiri ea bamboo le liboto tsa pampiri, tse nang le basebetsi ba 35,000 le boleng ba li-yuan tse limilione tse likete tse 7,15; ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse fetang 80 tsa tlhahiso ea pampiri tse entsoeng ka matsoho tse sebelisang bamboo e le lisebelisoa tse tala, tse nang le basebetsi ba ka bang 5,000 le boleng ba li-yuan tse ka bang limilione tse 700; lebelo la ho felisa tlhahiso ea morao-rao e potlakile, 'me theknoloji e tsoetseng pele ea ho pheha lik'hemik'hale le theknoloji ea bleaching, lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa pulping tse sebetsang hantle pele ho ho ima le theknoloji ea pulping le lisebelisoa li sebelisitsoe haholo tlhahiso ea makhasi a bamboo. indasteri ea naha ea heso ea ho etsa pampiri ea bamboo pulp e ntse e tsoela pele molemong oa sejoale-joale.
Mehato e mecha
Ka December 2021, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Development and Reform Commission le mafapha a mang a 10 ka kopanelo ba ile ba fana ka "Maikutlo a Ho Potlakisa Boqapi le Nts'etsopele ea Indasteri ea Bamboo". Libaka tse fapaneng li thehile maano a ts'ehetso ka tatellano ho fana ka ts'ehetso e matla ea leano bakeng sa ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo ba indasteri ea bamboo, ho kenyeletsoa indasteri ea makhasi a bamboo le pampiri. libaka tsa naha ea heso tse kholo tsa makhasi a bamboo le tlhahiso ea pampiri li tsepame haholo Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian le Yunnan. Har'a tsona, Sichuan hajoale ke profinse e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea bamboo le profinse ea tlhahiso ea pampiri naheng ea heso. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, Porofense ea Sichuan e ntlafalitse ka matla sehlopha sa indasteri e kopaneng ea "bamboo-pulp-processing-sales", e thehileng mofuta o ka sehloohong oa pampiri ea ntlo ea bamboo, mme e fetotse melemo ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa bamboo ho nts'etsopele ea indasteri. melemo, ho fumana liphello tse babatsehang. Ho ipapisitsoe le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa bamboo, Sichuan e lemme mefuta e mengata ea meru ea bamboo ea boleng bo holimo, e ntlafalitse metheo ea meru ea bamboo, a lema meru ea bamboo matsoapong a likhato tse fetang 25 le masimo ao e seng a motheo a nang le matsoapo a likhato tse 15 ho isa ho tse 25 metsing a bohlokoa. mehloli e finyellang leano, e khothalelitse ka mahlale tsamaiso ea likarolo tse tharo tsa meru ea bamboo, e hokahanya nts'etsopele ea meru ea bamboo ea mapolanka le meru ea bamboo ea tikoloho, le ho matlafatsa mekhoa e fapaneng ea matšeliso le lithuso. Libaka tsa polokelo ea bamboo li ntse li eketseha butle-butle. Ka 2022, sebaka sa meru sa bamboo profinseng se ile sa feta limilione tse 18, se fana ka lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa boleng bo holimo tsa bamboo pulping le ho etsa pampiri, haholo-holo pampiri ea bamboo pulp ea tlhaho ea pampiri ea ntlo. E le ho netefatsa boleng ba pampiri ea ntlo ea bamboo le ho ntlafatsa tlhokomeliso ea mofuta oa pampiri ea ntlo ea mebala ea tlhaho lapeng le kantle ho naha, Sichuan Paper Industry Association e ile ea etsa kopo ea ho ngolisoa ha "Bamboo Pulp Paper" Ofising ea Letšoao la Khoebo ea Ofisi ea Naha ea Thepa ea Bohlale bakeng sa ngoliso ea "Bamboo Pulp Paper". " lets'oao la khoebo le kopaneng. Ho tloha ntoeng e fetileng ea letsoho le le leng ho ea ho nts'etsopele ea hona joale e bohareng le e kholo, ho tšoarana 'moho bakeng sa mofuthu le tšebelisano-'moho ea katleho ho fetohile melemo ea tsoelo-pele ea Sichuan Paper. Ka 2021, ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse 13 tsa bamboo ka holim'a boholo bo behiloeng Profinseng ea Sichuan, tse nang le makhasi a bamboo a lithane tse limilione tse 1.2731, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 7.62%, e leng karolo ea 67.13% ea tlhahiso ea pele ea naha ea bamboo. eo hoo e ka bang 80% e sebelisitsoeng ho hlahisa pampiri ea ntlo; ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse 58 tsa pampiri ea bamboo tse nang le tlhahiso ea selemo ea lithane tse limilione tse 1.256; ho ne ho e-na le likhoebo tse 248 tsa ho lokisa pampiri tsa bamboo tse nang le tlhahiso ea selemo ea lithane tse limilione tse 1.308. 40% ea pampiri ea ntlo ea bamboo ea tlhaho e hlahisoang e rekisoa profinseng, 'me 60% e rekisoa kantle ho provense le kantle ho naha ka sethala sa thekiso ea e-commerce le leano la naha la "Belt and Road". Lefatše le sheba Chaena bakeng sa makhasi a bamboo, 'me Chaena e sheba Sichuan bakeng sa makhasi a bamboo. Letšoao la "bamboo pulp paper" la Sichuan le kene lefatšeng ka bophara.
Theknoloji e ncha
naha ea heso ke mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa makhasi a bamboo/ bamboo e qhibilihang, e nang le mela e 12 ea sejoale-joale ea tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa bamboo e nang le bokhoni ba selemo le selemo ba tlhahiso ea lithane tse fetang 100,000, kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 2.2, tseo lithane tse 600,000 tsa tsona li qhibilihang makhapetla. Fang Guigan, mofuputsi le mookamedi wa bongaka Setsing sa Lihlahisoa tsa Meru Indasteri ea Lik'hemik'hale ea Sekolo sa Meru sa China, ke khale a ikemiselitse ho etsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea mahlale a bohlokoa le lisebelisoa bakeng sa indasteri ea naha ea heso e hlahisang lihlahisoa tse ngata tse hloekileng. O boletse hore ka mor'a boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ba indasteri, thuto le lipatlisiso, bafuputsi ba phunyeletse theknoloji ea bohlokoa ea tlhahiso ea makhasi a bamboo / ho qhibiliha, 'me mahlale a tsoetseng pele a ho pheha le a bleaching le lisebelisoa li' nile tsa sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa makhasi a lik'hemik'hale tsa bamboo. Ka phetoho le ts'ebeliso ea liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le thekenoloji joalo ka "New Technologies for Efficient Bamboo Pulping and Papermaking" ho tloha "Leano la Lilemo tse Metso e Mehlano", naha ea heso e qalile ho rarolla bothata ba ho leka-lekana ha letsoai la N le P ts'ebetsong ea ho tlosoa ha silicon e ntšo le phekolo ea ho tsoa ka ntle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tsoelo-pele ea katleho e entsoe ka keketseho ea moeli oa bosoeu ba bamboo e nang le chai e ngata ea bleaching ea makhasi. Tlas'a boemo ba litekanyetso tsa ho soeufatsa moruong, bosoeu ba makhasi a bamboo a chai e ngata bo eketsehile ho tloha ka tlase ho 65% ho ea ho feta 70%. Hajoale, bafuputsi ba ntse ba sebeletsa ho qhekella libotlolo tsa tekheniki joalo ka tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le chai e tlase ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea makhasi a bamboo, 'me ba ikitlaelletsa ho theha melemo ea litšenyehelo tlhahisong ea makhasi a bamboo le ho ntlafatsa tlholisano ea mmaraka oa machabeng oa bamboo pulp.
Menyetla e mecha
Ka Pherekhong 2020, taelo e ncha ea lithibelo tsa polasetiki ea naha e ile ea hlakisa boholo ba lithibelo tsa polasetiki le khetho ea mekhoa e meng, e tlisa menyetla e mecha ho lik'hamphani tsa bamboo pulp le tsa pampiri. Litsebi li bontšitse hore tlas'a semelo sa "khabone e 'meli", bamboo, e le mohloli oa bohlokoa oa moru o se nang lehong, o phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa ts'ireletso ea lehong ea lefats'e, nts'etsopele ea botala bo tlaase ba carbon, le ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea boipheliso ea batho. "Ho nkela polasetiki sebaka ka bamboo" le "ho nkela lehong sebaka ka bamboo" ho na le monyetla o moholo oa nts'etsopele ea indasteri. Bamboo e hola ka potlako, e na le biomass e kholo ebile e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata. Boleng ba bamboo fiber morphology le litaba tsa cellulose li pakeng tsa patsi ea coniferous le lehong le makhasi a sephara, 'me makhasi a bamboo a hlahisoang a bapisoa le makhasi a patsi. The bamboo pulp fiber e telele ho feta ea lehong le makhasi a sephara, microstructure ea lerako la sele e khethehile, matla a ho otla le ductility e ntle, 'me makhasi a bleached a na le thepa e ntle ea optical. Ka nako e ts'oanang, bamboo e na le selulose e ngata 'me ke sehlahisoa se setle sa fiber bakeng sa ho etsa pampiri. Litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa makhasi a bamboo le makhasi a patsi li ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa boleng bo holimo le tsa pampiri. Fang Guigan o boletse hore nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea makhasi a bamboo le pampiri e ke ke ea arohanngoa le boqapi: pele, ho nchafatsa maano, ho eketsa ts'ehetso ea lichelete, le ho aha le ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tse joalo ka litsela, litselana tsa marang-rang le li-slide libakeng tsa meru ea bamboo. Ea bobeli, boqapi ba ho rema thepa, haholo-holo tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea thepa e itšebetsang le e bohlale ea ho rema, e tla ntlafatsa haholo tlhahiso ea basebetsi le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo. Taba ea boraro, boqapi ba mohlala, libakeng tse nang le maemo a matle a lisebelisoa, rera le ho aha lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa indasteri ea bamboo, ho holisa ketane ea indasteri le ho holisa ketane ea ts'ebetso, ho fihlela ts'ebeliso ea boleng bo felletseng ba lisebelisoa tsa bamboo, le ho holisa melemo ea moruo ea indasteri ea bamboo. Ea bone, boqapi ba mahlale le thekenoloji, ho holisa mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa ts'ebetso ea bamboo, joalo ka thepa ea meralo ea bamboo, mapolanka a bamboo, ts'ebetso e tebileng ea makhasi a bamboo, ts'ebetso e tebileng ea lichifi tsa bamboo (node, bamboo yellow, bran ea bamboo), ts'ebeliso ea boleng bo holimo. lignin, le ho holisa sebaka sa ts'ebeliso ea cellulose (ho qhibiliha makhasi); rarolla mathata a bohlokoa a tekheniki tlhahisong ea makhasi a bamboo ka mokhoa o reriloeng le ho hlokomela ntlafatso ea mahlale a lapeng le lisebelisoa. Bakeng sa likhoebo, ka ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse ncha tse fapaneng tse fapaneng tse kang makhasi a qhibilihang, pampiri ea ntlo le pampiri e pakang lijo, le ho matlafatsa ts'ebeliso e felletseng ea boleng bo holimo ea litšila tsa fiber tlhahiso, ke mokhoa o sebetsang oa ho tsoa maemong a holimo. phaello ea mohlala kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang le ho finyella tsoelo-pele ea boleng bo phahameng.
Nako ea poso: Sep-08-2024
